Which of the following best defines population density?
A The total number of people in a country
B The number of people per unit area of land
C The rate of population growth
D The number of births per 1,000 people
Population density measures how crowded an area is, calculated as the number of people per square kilometer or mile.
What does natural increase refer to?
A Migration of people into a country
B Difference between birth rate and death rate
C Total fertility rate
D Net migration rate
Natural increase is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate; it determines whether a population grows or declines naturally.
The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) explains changes in:
A Population distribution
B Population structure over time
C Migration patterns
D Urbanization rates
The DTM shows how population growth rates and structures change over time as countries develop economically.
In which stage of the DTM are birth and death rates both high?
A Stage 1
B Stage 2
C Stage 3
D Stage 4
In Stage 1, societies are pre-industrial with high birth and death rates, leading to a stable population.
Which of the following factors most contributes to urbanization?
A Higher agricultural productivity
B Industrial development and job opportunities
C Decline in literacy rate
D Population aging
Industrial and service sector jobs in cities attract people from rural areas, leading to urbanization.
A country with a high dependency ratio likely has:
A A large working-age population
B A high number of dependents (young or old)
C Low unemployment
D High birth rate but low death rate
Dependency ratio compares non-working-age dependents (under 15 and over 64) to the working-age population.
Which term describes people moving permanently from one country to another?
A Immigration
B Emigration
C Migration
D Urbanization
Migration is the movement of people across regions or countries; it can include both immigration and emigration.
What is total fertility rate (TFR)?
A The number of children born per 1,000 people
B The average number of children a woman is expected to have in her lifetime
C The annual birth rate
D The infant mortality rate
TFR measures the average number of children a woman would have based on current age-specific fertility rates.
Which of the following can cause population decline?
A High fertility rate
B High immigration
C High death rate and low birth rate
D Economic growth
When deaths exceed births and migration doesn’t offset the loss, population declines.
The infant mortality rate measures:
A Number of infants born per year
B Deaths of infants under one year per 1,000 live births
C Life expectancy at birth
D Childbirth deaths among women
The infant mortality rate indicates health standards by measuring infant deaths under one year old per 1,000 live births.
Which continent has the fastest-growing population?
A Europe
B North America
C Asia
D Africa
Africa’s high fertility rates and declining death rates make it the fastest-growing region demographically.
Which of the following describes population distribution?
A Growth rate of population
B Spatial arrangement of people across the Earth
C Ratio of males to females
D Age structure of population
Population distribution shows where people live and how they are spread across regions or countries.
A population pyramid that is wide at the base indicates:
A An aging population
B Low birth rate
C High birth rate and young population
D Stable population growth
A wide base means many children are being born, typical of developing countries with high fertility rates.
Which of the following best describes a push factor in migration?
A Job opportunities abroad
B Family reunification
C War or environmental disaster forcing people to leave
D Tourism promotion
Push factors drive people away from their home region, such as conflict, famine, or lack of jobs.
A megacity is defined as a city with a population of at least:
A 1 million
B 5 million
C 10 million
D 20 million
According to the UN, a megacity is an urban area with 10 million or more inhabitants.